1 00:00:01,390 --> 00:00:04,320 Variables are often described as boxes. 2 00:00:04,330 --> 00:00:07,030 You can store values in it. 3 00:00:08,440 --> 00:00:15,160 This idea can be helpful in the first few times you use a variable, but it isn't an accurate way to 4 00:00:15,160 --> 00:00:19,780 describe how variables are represented internally in Python. 5 00:00:19,930 --> 00:00:23,710 It's a much better to think of a variable as labels. 6 00:00:24,070 --> 00:00:28,120 You can assign values on them. 7 00:00:29,310 --> 00:00:34,080 You can also say that the variable references a certain value like this. 8 00:00:35,570 --> 00:00:42,050 So this things distinction probably won't matter much in your initial programs, but it's worth learning 9 00:00:42,050 --> 00:00:43,990 earlier rather than later. 10 00:00:44,000 --> 00:00:51,080 At some point you will see unexpected behavior from a variable and an accurate understanding of how 11 00:00:51,080 --> 00:00:56,630 variables work will help you identify what's happening in your code. 12 00:01:00,350 --> 00:01:06,840 Because most programs define and gather some sort of data and then do something useful with it. 13 00:01:06,860 --> 00:01:10,190 It helps to classify different types of data. 14 00:01:10,220 --> 00:01:14,810 The first data type, we will look at the string. 15 00:01:14,840 --> 00:01:22,820 Strings are quite simple at first glance, but you can use them in many different ways. 16 00:01:23,150 --> 00:01:25,400 A string is a series of characters. 17 00:01:25,430 --> 00:01:28,160 Anything inside quote is considered. 18 00:01:28,160 --> 00:01:30,470 For example, this is a string. 19 00:01:34,060 --> 00:01:43,750 So yeah, there's also you can write a string like this, for example, my special message. 20 00:01:43,990 --> 00:01:48,100 And here we will add single quote instead of double quote. 21 00:01:48,310 --> 00:01:51,040 Hello, my name is Stephan. 22 00:01:52,070 --> 00:01:58,100 And the flexibility allows you to use quotes and apostrophes within your strings. 23 00:01:59,160 --> 00:02:02,120 So let's write actual text here. 24 00:02:02,130 --> 00:02:02,790 Mice. 25 00:02:03,480 --> 00:02:05,040 My here. 26 00:02:12,610 --> 00:02:14,500 My another. 27 00:02:15,230 --> 00:02:16,880 Super string. 28 00:02:16,910 --> 00:02:20,500 And here we will do a sample. 29 00:02:20,510 --> 00:02:24,220 One of Python's strings. 30 00:02:25,470 --> 00:02:32,460 Is it's it's diverse and supportive community. 31 00:02:34,140 --> 00:02:34,830 That's it. 32 00:02:35,040 --> 00:02:37,980 Now, let's explore here. 33 00:02:37,980 --> 00:02:38,970 As you can see here, there's. 34 00:02:40,210 --> 00:02:42,730 Strings at this lecture. 35 00:02:42,760 --> 00:02:45,970 Now let's explore some of the ways you can use strings. 36 00:02:46,000 --> 00:02:51,370 The first is changing case in a string with methods. 37 00:02:51,370 --> 00:02:55,120 So I think we can now delete this here for now. 38 00:02:56,180 --> 00:02:58,130 And let's get more practical. 39 00:02:58,130 --> 00:02:58,610 All right? 40 00:02:59,590 --> 00:03:00,190 That's it. 41 00:03:01,010 --> 00:03:08,810 So here, one of the simplest tasks you can do with strings is change the case of the words in a string. 42 00:03:09,260 --> 00:03:11,560 So let's look at this code here. 43 00:03:11,570 --> 00:03:16,310 For example, my name is, for example, Oxley. 44 00:03:16,310 --> 00:03:17,720 Or actually, let's make it. 45 00:03:19,300 --> 00:03:22,930 Academy name is. 46 00:03:24,740 --> 00:03:25,730 Academy name. 47 00:03:27,520 --> 00:03:27,910 Here. 48 00:03:27,940 --> 00:03:29,230 This is a name. 49 00:03:29,590 --> 00:03:33,100 And here, Oxley Academy. 50 00:03:33,340 --> 00:03:40,660 And here we will print name that title of academy name that here. 51 00:03:40,660 --> 00:03:43,470 As you can see, we have several formats we use actually several. 52 00:03:43,510 --> 00:03:48,970 It's it's a lot of formats and functions, but you will learn all of these functions. 53 00:03:49,120 --> 00:03:50,500 Don't worry here. 54 00:03:50,500 --> 00:03:52,210 Now we will use title. 55 00:03:52,450 --> 00:03:53,410 That's it. 56 00:03:53,500 --> 00:03:56,380 Now let's actually run this code. 57 00:03:57,010 --> 00:03:59,050 And as you can see here. 58 00:03:59,830 --> 00:04:09,940 In this example, the variable academy name, the variable academy name refers to the lower case Oxilia 59 00:04:09,940 --> 00:04:10,590 Academy. 60 00:04:10,600 --> 00:04:13,300 See here lower case lowercase. 61 00:04:14,290 --> 00:04:16,120 The method title. 62 00:04:17,250 --> 00:04:21,500 Appears after the variable in the print. 63 00:04:21,510 --> 00:04:22,320 Right. 64 00:04:22,560 --> 00:04:27,150 So a method is an action that python can perform. 65 00:04:27,150 --> 00:04:30,720 One a piece of data. 66 00:04:30,810 --> 00:04:32,130 The dot here. 67 00:04:32,160 --> 00:04:33,270 The dot here. 68 00:04:34,690 --> 00:04:37,990 After name in the academic title. 69 00:04:39,160 --> 00:04:45,160 Cast fight on to make the title method act on a variable name. 70 00:04:45,340 --> 00:04:46,340 So that's it. 71 00:04:46,360 --> 00:04:49,420 Every method is followed by a set of parentheses, right? 72 00:04:49,540 --> 00:04:56,080 So because methods often need additional information to do their work, that information is provided 73 00:04:56,080 --> 00:04:58,030 inside the parentheses. 74 00:04:58,240 --> 00:05:03,890 So the title function doesn't need any additional information, so its parentheses are empty. 75 00:05:03,910 --> 00:05:09,080 So here let's as you can see, there's no additional information we can provide to title. 76 00:05:11,070 --> 00:05:14,410 So title method changes. 77 00:05:15,940 --> 00:05:25,040 Each word to title case where each word begins with capital letter oxa. 78 00:05:26,220 --> 00:05:27,240 Oxley. 79 00:05:29,350 --> 00:05:31,150 And here Capital letter A. 80 00:05:33,270 --> 00:05:34,080 Academy. 81 00:05:41,070 --> 00:05:41,880 That's it. 82 00:05:42,930 --> 00:05:48,360 So this is useful because you will often want to think of a name as a piece of information. 83 00:05:48,360 --> 00:05:54,090 For example, you might want your program to recognize the input value values. 84 00:05:54,090 --> 00:05:55,410 Auxly. 85 00:05:56,540 --> 00:06:05,660 Academy as the same name and display all of them as uppercase Oxley and then lowercase the title format. 86 00:06:05,660 --> 00:06:06,020 Right? 87 00:06:06,020 --> 00:06:12,890 So several other useful format methods are available for dealing with case as well. 88 00:06:12,890 --> 00:06:22,220 For example, you can change a string to all uppercase or all lowercase letters like this here. 89 00:06:22,220 --> 00:06:27,080 So here we will write instead of title, we will delete this and upper. 90 00:06:27,110 --> 00:06:28,100 That's it. 91 00:06:28,100 --> 00:06:29,060 Let's try this. 92 00:06:29,060 --> 00:06:31,070 And as you can see, uppercase. 93 00:06:31,080 --> 00:06:33,590 Let's actually delete this here. 94 00:06:34,400 --> 00:06:37,070 That's the output of us here. 95 00:06:37,100 --> 00:06:37,430 Oops. 96 00:06:37,430 --> 00:06:37,970 Sorry. 97 00:06:39,360 --> 00:06:39,840 Here. 98 00:06:40,320 --> 00:06:42,840 As you can see, an uppercase Lochside academy. 99 00:06:42,870 --> 00:06:48,090 Let's try the lowercase lower. 100 00:06:50,700 --> 00:06:53,850 As you can see here, lowercase Oxford Academy. 101 00:06:54,120 --> 00:06:57,640 So the lower method is particularly useful for storing data. 102 00:06:57,690 --> 00:07:02,010 So you typically want to want to trust the capitalization that your users provide. 103 00:07:02,010 --> 00:07:03,120 So will you. 104 00:07:03,150 --> 00:07:13,290 So you will convert strings to lowercase, will convert your strings to lowercase before storing them. 105 00:07:13,290 --> 00:07:19,140 Then you when you want to display the information, you will use the case that makes the most sense 106 00:07:19,140 --> 00:07:21,480 for each string.