1 00:00:00,710 --> 00:00:01,880 Hello, my name is Stephan. 2 00:00:01,880 --> 00:00:06,470 And in this lecture of our course, you will learn about the heat command in Linux. 3 00:00:06,470 --> 00:00:07,880 So let's get started. 4 00:00:20,970 --> 00:00:25,370 So the heat command prints the first lines of a file. 5 00:00:25,380 --> 00:00:29,700 So to print the first four lines of our auxiliary. 6 00:00:30,540 --> 00:00:37,650 With here auxiliary text file with heat, we can use the option n so heat n for. 7 00:00:39,170 --> 00:00:41,870 And four and Oxley here. 8 00:00:42,080 --> 00:00:46,790 And as you can see here, we printed first four lines of our Oxley text file. 9 00:00:46,790 --> 00:00:54,940 So if you request more file more lines than the file contains the heat prints, the full file like keta. 10 00:00:54,950 --> 00:01:02,210 So if you here, let's actually open and as you can see, we have we have six lines here so we write 11 00:01:02,210 --> 00:01:03,950 it like that and. 12 00:01:04,740 --> 00:01:09,000 11, then it will just print the six lines here. 13 00:01:09,000 --> 00:01:17,330 So it will print whole file so he can also read from the STD in four mile pipeline fun. 14 00:01:17,340 --> 00:01:24,840 So a common use is to reduce the output from the another command when you don't care to see all of it. 15 00:01:24,840 --> 00:01:33,450 So like a long directory listing, for example, let's list the first five file names in the bin directory 16 00:01:33,450 --> 00:01:33,660 here. 17 00:01:33,660 --> 00:01:38,070 So or let's actually 15 file names in the bin directory. 18 00:01:38,070 --> 00:01:42,120 So bin hit and it's going to be. 19 00:01:42,910 --> 00:01:43,600 15. 20 00:01:43,600 --> 00:01:48,250 And as you can see, we printed the first 15 lines in the bind directory. 21 00:01:48,280 --> 00:01:51,000 We also have the cut command. 22 00:01:51,010 --> 00:01:56,020 So the cut command prints one or more columns for a file, for example. 23 00:01:56,410 --> 00:01:57,220 Let's actually here. 24 00:01:57,220 --> 00:01:57,820 So. 25 00:01:58,650 --> 00:02:06,270 Let's print all titles from the auxiliary file which appear in the here, for example. 26 00:02:06,870 --> 00:02:11,010 Cut F2 and Oxley here. 27 00:02:11,010 --> 00:02:13,200 And as you can see, we got this here. 28 00:02:13,200 --> 00:02:17,630 So cut provides two ways to define what columns. 29 00:02:17,640 --> 00:02:21,720 So the first is to cut by field F here. 30 00:02:21,720 --> 00:02:28,500 So this f when the input consists of string fields, each separated by a single tab character. 31 00:02:28,500 --> 00:02:34,170 So conveniently, this is exactly the format of a file of Oxley here. 32 00:02:34,170 --> 00:02:39,810 So the preceding cut command prints the second field of each file. 33 00:02:39,810 --> 00:02:43,710 So if we write it like that one here or. 34 00:02:45,260 --> 00:02:48,440 F3 and as you can see here. 35 00:02:48,440 --> 00:02:50,690 So we can also do that like that here. 36 00:02:52,410 --> 00:02:54,460 Here and let's run it again. 37 00:02:54,480 --> 00:02:59,610 And as you can see here, we got a different output. 38 00:02:59,850 --> 00:03:08,910 So to shorten the output, we can also use the pipe it to heat the print only the first three lines 39 00:03:08,910 --> 00:03:10,860 and so on. 40 00:03:10,860 --> 00:03:17,760 So now let's actually use the grep command in our Linux command training here. 41 00:03:17,760 --> 00:03:24,270 So grep is an extremely powerful command, but for now I will hide most of its capabilities and say 42 00:03:24,270 --> 00:03:27,660 it prints the lines that match a given string. 43 00:03:27,660 --> 00:03:32,010 So for example, let's like it here grep. 44 00:03:33,550 --> 00:03:36,550 Oxley and Oxley here. 45 00:03:36,550 --> 00:03:41,020 So Oxley is a text file, so let's actually change it from the UI here. 46 00:03:41,050 --> 00:03:47,590 Oxley dot txt for if you are if some of you are Windows users, you will understand that this is a text 47 00:03:47,590 --> 00:03:48,340 file here. 48 00:03:48,340 --> 00:03:53,940 But for Linux it's actually text files is not stored with a txt file here, so they are just stored 49 00:03:53,950 --> 00:03:54,970 a plain file. 50 00:03:54,970 --> 00:04:02,320 So here oxley dot txt and as you can see here we got all the grabbed all the Oxley here so. 51 00:04:03,360 --> 00:04:09,720 For example, the command displays lines from Oxley that contain the Oxley string here. 52 00:04:09,720 --> 00:04:13,500 So you can also print lines that don't match a given string. 53 00:04:13,500 --> 00:04:21,990 So with the V option here, so grep V, Oxley, oops, Oxley and Oxley dot txt. 54 00:04:23,580 --> 00:04:25,260 This lines here. 55 00:04:25,260 --> 00:04:29,640 As you can see here, we will execute all of the Oxley commands here. 56 00:04:29,640 --> 00:04:37,890 So in general grep is useful for finding text in a collection of files and we can also use command prints, 57 00:04:37,890 --> 00:04:48,300 the lines that contain the string perl in with the names ending here txt for example grep grep, Oxley, 58 00:04:48,510 --> 00:04:51,810 Oxley and txt in a bin here. 59 00:04:51,810 --> 00:04:53,280 So we are not in a bin. 60 00:04:53,400 --> 00:05:00,150 So in this case grep here, let's actually go to bin here cd, cd bin. 61 00:05:00,150 --> 00:05:01,730 We can also write it like that. 62 00:05:01,860 --> 00:05:06,660 Give grep python and txt. 63 00:05:07,110 --> 00:05:08,670 I don't think we're going to have here. 64 00:05:08,670 --> 00:05:13,350 As you can see here, we don't have any python here, so. 65 00:05:15,390 --> 00:05:22,860 And in this case, um, if you have a python here, the grep will fund a matching lines like it did 66 00:05:22,860 --> 00:05:25,700 in the here and print it on the screen. 67 00:05:25,740 --> 00:05:29,940 So we also have the sort command. 68 00:05:29,940 --> 00:05:36,660 So actually let's clear this clear and the sort command reorders the lines of a file into a scanning 69 00:05:36,660 --> 00:05:38,070 order by default. 70 00:05:38,070 --> 00:05:41,220 So you can also change the the scanning or other orders here. 71 00:05:41,220 --> 00:05:50,010 So for example, sort Oxley dot txt and that's not sort here sort. 72 00:05:51,430 --> 00:05:53,390 Sort so you cannot read it. 73 00:05:53,410 --> 00:05:56,890 No such file or directory because we are on a bin directory. 74 00:05:56,890 --> 00:05:59,140 So we're going to go to home here. 75 00:05:59,170 --> 00:06:00,640 Home Kali. 76 00:06:00,880 --> 00:06:10,210 Kali and less clear so sort Oxley dot txt and as you can see here it will sort our file. 77 00:06:10,210 --> 00:06:11,680 So let's actually edit file. 78 00:06:11,680 --> 00:06:14,680 So make it a little more visible like this for example. 79 00:06:15,190 --> 00:06:15,730 Write it. 80 00:06:15,730 --> 00:06:16,690 Apple. 81 00:06:16,690 --> 00:06:17,290 Apple. 82 00:06:17,320 --> 00:06:20,170 BMW Computer. 83 00:06:21,170 --> 00:06:21,890 A zebra. 84 00:06:23,540 --> 00:06:26,840 Windows Linux and here. 85 00:06:26,840 --> 00:06:29,030 So now we're going to write it like that. 86 00:06:29,030 --> 00:06:34,640 And as you can see, Apple, BMW, Computer, Linux, Windows and lastly Zebra. 87 00:06:34,640 --> 00:06:40,190 So it will write it our lines with it, uh, with ascending order. 88 00:06:40,190 --> 00:06:41,420 So this is by default. 89 00:06:41,420 --> 00:06:47,120 So if you want to change it, uh, like this, for example, sort from the descending order. 90 00:06:47,300 --> 00:06:50,210 So you're going to write it like that are here. 91 00:06:50,210 --> 00:06:56,720 So as you can see here first is Zebra, Windows, Linux, Computer, BMW, and lastly A here, which 92 00:06:56,720 --> 00:06:57,860 is Apple here. 93 00:06:58,940 --> 00:07:08,450 So the sort here can order the lines alphabetically by default or numerically with the N option here. 94 00:07:08,450 --> 00:07:16,760 So for example, if we write like that, it's actually let's write it here numbers or actually let's 95 00:07:16,760 --> 00:07:33,290 write something like 2002, 2023, 2009, 2010, 2015, 2024, 2025 and 1098 here. 96 00:07:33,290 --> 00:07:34,760 So write it like that. 97 00:07:34,760 --> 00:07:40,640 And after that we're going to use the, for example, cut here, cut. 98 00:07:41,540 --> 00:07:46,910 So I will demonstrate this with the pipelines that cut the third field in the animals. 99 00:07:46,910 --> 00:07:48,710 So this here, for example. 100 00:07:49,490 --> 00:07:56,660 In the in this case it's going to six here cut f6 oxalate in the oxalate and as you can see we got this 101 00:07:56,660 --> 00:08:05,720 here so let's actually make it like that cut 1F1 and as you can see, we got an same output here. 102 00:08:06,050 --> 00:08:19,130 So now we're going to use that cut F3 animals, animals dot txt after we're going to sort this with 103 00:08:19,130 --> 00:08:21,140 this and and oops. 104 00:08:23,040 --> 00:08:24,270 Oops, not animals here. 105 00:08:24,270 --> 00:08:26,160 It's going to be Oxley here. 106 00:08:26,160 --> 00:08:32,250 So Oxley TXT and as you can see here, we sorted it within the ascending here. 107 00:08:32,250 --> 00:08:42,240 So the first 98 to 9, ten, 15, 23, 24 and 25, but we actually it quite opposite here. 108 00:08:42,240 --> 00:08:48,180 So we started, we ended with 98 and as you can see here, we ended with top numbers. 109 00:08:48,180 --> 00:08:54,840 But first we rated it with the ascending order here and as you can see here, so we can also write it 110 00:08:54,990 --> 00:08:59,340 the scanning order by adding after end, we can also add R here. 111 00:08:59,340 --> 00:09:01,470 So it will write the scanning order. 112 00:09:01,470 --> 00:09:07,200 And as you can see, first we've written the highest number and then it got two from the highest windows 113 00:09:07,200 --> 00:09:07,380 here. 114 00:09:07,380 --> 00:09:09,090 And as you can see here, this is it. 115 00:09:09,120 --> 00:09:17,730 So if you write like that sort and R Oxley dot txt, it will write exactly the same output like this. 116 00:09:17,730 --> 00:09:20,130 So we also have. 117 00:09:21,290 --> 00:09:22,700 The unique command. 118 00:09:23,540 --> 00:09:24,500 Not unique here. 119 00:09:24,500 --> 00:09:25,410 So unique here. 120 00:09:25,430 --> 00:09:26,410 Just unique. 121 00:09:26,420 --> 00:09:28,610 So this unique command. 122 00:09:28,640 --> 00:09:32,330 The texts repeated a jacking lines in a file. 123 00:09:32,330 --> 00:09:35,360 So by default it it removes the repeat. 124 00:09:35,370 --> 00:09:41,690 So here for example, let's add some lines that has same outputs for example. 125 00:09:42,900 --> 00:09:43,920 I'm here. 126 00:09:45,270 --> 00:09:45,550 Oops. 127 00:09:46,260 --> 00:09:46,830 Let's open. 128 00:09:46,830 --> 00:09:50,190 Yeah, let's add some lines. 129 00:09:50,190 --> 00:09:55,800 So let's add Linux twice or three here, windows here. 130 00:09:57,160 --> 00:09:57,410 Oops. 131 00:09:57,850 --> 00:09:58,600 Here. 132 00:10:02,980 --> 00:10:03,580 Here. 133 00:10:03,580 --> 00:10:09,220 So now let's demonstrate here for example, Cat Oxley dot TXT. 134 00:10:09,230 --> 00:10:11,080 And as you can see, we got this here. 135 00:10:11,080 --> 00:10:15,730 So we will use the unique Oxley dot TXT. 136 00:10:15,730 --> 00:10:23,980 And as you can see here, we are not showing the same outputs again and again like this here. 137 00:10:23,980 --> 00:10:31,960 So notice that uniquely use the first three lines to here single in Linux here. 138 00:10:32,230 --> 00:10:38,740 And as you can see here, we got just one Linux, but here we also have two windows, we got one windows 139 00:10:38,740 --> 00:10:43,780 and after that we are just seeing one windows per line. 140 00:10:43,780 --> 00:10:46,390 And after that we are seeing another here. 141 00:10:46,390 --> 00:10:49,330 So we can also use the for example. 142 00:10:51,500 --> 00:10:58,430 Print the gray hour lines with the cut here. 143 00:10:58,430 --> 00:10:59,960 So cut. 144 00:11:00,830 --> 00:11:02,240 Auxiliary text here. 145 00:11:02,240 --> 00:11:04,730 So and we will also that sort. 146 00:11:04,970 --> 00:11:17,240 And here we will use the sort and unique see here sort and are and after that heat here and one and 147 00:11:17,240 --> 00:11:20,420 as you can see we just got five Linux here.